Biomagnetic detection

ABSTRACT

Devices and systems as described herein is configured to sense a signal, such as a signal from an individual. In some embodiments, a signal is a magnetic field. In some embodiments, a source of a signal is an individual&#39;s organ, such as a heart muscle. A device or system, in some embodiments, comprises one or more sensors, such as an array of sensors configured to sense the signal. A device or system, in some embodiments, comprises a shield or portion thereof to reduce noise and enhance signal collection.

BACKGROUND

Dynamic magnetic fields are associated with certain mammalian tissue,for example, tissue with action-potential driven physiology. Changes inthe structure or function of certain tissue can be reflected in a changeof the magnetic field(s) associated with and/or generated by the tissue.

SUMMARY

Described herein are systems, devices, and methods for sensing amagnetic field such as an electromagnetic field (“EMF”) or amagnetocardiogram (“MCG”) associated with a tissue of an individual, aportion of a body of an individual, and/or an entire body of anindividual. Non-limiting examples of tissue for which a magnetic fieldis associated and sensed using the systems, devices, and methodsdescribed herein include blood, bone, lymph, CSF, and organs includingthe heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, and skin. In some embodiments, thedevices and systems described herein sense a magnetic field signalassociated with a portion of a body of an individual, such as, forexample a torso of an individual, or a magnetic field associated withthe entire body of the individual.

Described herein is a device for sensing magnetic field data associatedwith an individual, comprising: a movable base unit; an arm having aproximal end and a distal end, the proximal end being movably coupled tothe moveable base unit so that the arm moves relative to the movablebase unit with at least one degree of freedom; an array of one or moreoptically pumped magnetometer(s) coupled to the distal end of the arm,the optically pumped magnetometer array configured to sense the magneticfield associated with the individual. In some embodiments, the devicecomprises a shield configured to attenuate a magnetic field or fieldsassociated with an environment. In some embodiments, the shield isconfigured to contain a portion of a body of the individual which isassociated with the magnetic field data. In some embodiments, theportion of the body of the individual which is associated with themagnetic field is the chest of the individual. In some embodiments, thearm of the device or a system comprises a joint about which the arm isconfigured to articulate. In some embodiments, the optically pumpedmagnetometer array is movably coupled to the distal end so that theoptically pumped magnetometer moves relative to the arm with at leastone degree of freedom. In some embodiments, the optically pumpedmagnetometer is part of an array. In some embodiments, the array isarranged to conform to a specific portion of a body of the individual.In some embodiments, the device comprises a processor and anon-transitory computer readable media including a computer programconfigured to cause the processor to: receive the magnetic field datathat is sensed by the optically pumped magnetometer; and filter themagnetic field data. In some embodiments, the device comprises agradiometer wherein the computer program causes the processor to filterthe data by cancelling out a magnetic field associated with anenvironment. In some embodiments, the computer program causes theprocessor to filter the data by subtracting a frequency basedmeasurement from the magnetic field data. In some embodiments, thecomputer program causes the processor to generate a visualrepresentation of the magnetic field data comprising a waveform.

Also described herein is a method for sensing magnetic field dataassociated with an individual, comprising: positioning a mobileelectromagnetic sensing device within proximity to the individual;positioning an arm of the mobile electromagnetic sensing device that iscoupled to a base unit within proximity to optically pumped magnetometerwithin proximity to a portion of a body of the individual associatedwith the magnetic field data; and sensing the magnetic field data. Insome embodiments, the method comprises shielding at least a portion ofthe individual from a magnetic field associated with an environment. Insome embodiments, the shield is configured to contain the portion of thebody of the individual which is associated with the magnetic field data.In some embodiments, the portion of the body of the individual which isassociated with the magnetic field is a chest of the individual. In someembodiments, the arm of the device or a system comprises a joint aboutwhich the arm is configured to articulate. In some embodiments, theoptically pumped magnetometer is movably coupled to the arm so that theoptically pumped magnetometer moves relative to the arm with at leastone degree of freedom. In some embodiments, the optically pumpedmagnetometer is part of an array. In some embodiments, the array isarranged to conform to a specific portion of a body of the individual.

In some embodiments, the method comprises generating a visualrepresentation of the magnetic field data comprising a waveform. In someembodiments, the method comprises generating a visual representation ofthe magnetic field data comprising a two dimensional cubic interpolationbetween two or more sensors in a magnetometer array for each timestampof recorded data. In some embodiments, a visual representation includescolor values that are associated with magnetic field values displayed intwo dimensional (2D) space. Playback of successive visualrepresentations of the sensed magnetic field data, in some embodiments,comprises a dynamic 2D animation summarizing electromagnetic activitydetected from an individual.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The novel features of the invention are set forth with particularity inthe appended claims. A better understanding of the features andadvantages of the present invention will be obtained by reference to thefollowing detailed description that sets forth illustrative embodiments,in which the principles of the invention are utilized, and theaccompanying drawings (also “figure” and “FIG.” herein), of which:

FIG. 1 shows one example of a sensor array, a shield, and a base unit.

FIG. 2 shows one example of a shield.

FIG. 3 shows one example of a shield and base unit.

FIG. 4 shows one example of a sensor array operatively coupled to a baseunit.

FIG. 5 shows one example of a sensor array operatively coupled to anarm.

FIG. 6 shows one example of a sensor array operatively coupled to a baseunit.

FIG. 7 shows one example of a sensor array operatively coupled to an armof a base unit.

FIG. 8 shows a computer control system that is programmed or otherwiseconfigured to implement methods provided herein.

FIGS. 9A-B shows one example of a shield. The shield of FIG. 9A ispositioned to show an open end and internal volume of the shield. Theshield of FIG. 9B is positioned to show a closed end of the shieldhaving a tapered or conical shape.

FIGS. 10A-B shows two different cross section views of a shield.

FIGS. 11A-L shows multiple views of one example of a shield.

FIGS. 12A-B shows multiple views of one example of external supports fora shield.

FIG. 13 shows one example of a hook.

FIGS. 14A-B shows multiple views of a mobile cart device.

FIGS. 15A-C shows multiple view of a mobile cart device.

FIG. 16 shows one example of a device in use in a magnetically shieldedenvironment.

FIG. 17 shows an example of an individual sliding into a shield.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

While various embodiments are shown and described herein, it will beobvious to those skilled in the art that such embodiments are providedby way of example only. It should be understood that variousalternatives to the embodiments herein are employed.

As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an”, and “the” include pluralreferences unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Any referenceto “or” herein is intended to encompass “and/or” unless otherwisestated.

As used herein, the term “about” may mean the referenced numericindication plus or minus 15% of that referenced numeric indication.

Devices and Systems for Sensing a Magnetic Field

Described herein are devices and systems configured to sense a magneticfield associated with one or more tissues, one or more body portions,one or more organs, or an entire body of an individual. Non-limitingexamples of organs and organ systems having a magnetic field that issensed by the devices and systems described herein include the brain,heart, lungs, kidneys, liver, spleen, pancreas, esophagus, stomach,small bowel, and colon, the endocrine system, respiratory system,cardiovascular system, genitourinary system, nervous system, vascularsystem, lymphatic system, and digestive system. Non-limiting examples oftissue having a magnetic field that is sensed by the devices and systemsdescribed herein includes inflammatory tissue (including areas ofinflamed tissue), blood vessels and blood flowing within blood vessels,lymphatic vessels and lymph flowing within lymphatic vessels, bone, andcartilage. Magnetic field data that is sensed is further processed inorder to make determinations or assist a user (e.g. a healthcareprovider) in making a determination about the one or more tissues, theone or more body portions, the one or more organs, or the entire body ofthe individual that is associated with that sensed magnetic field. Forexample, in some embodiments, a device as described herein is used todetermine a prognosis of an individual, such as, for example, predictinga likelihood of an individual developing a disease or condition based onone or more magnetic fields that are sensed using the device. Forexample, in some embodiments, a device as described herein is used todetermine a diagnosis, such as, for example, confirming a diagnosis orproviding a diagnosis to an individual for a disease or condition basedon one or more magnetic fields that are sensed using the device. Forexample, in some embodiments, a device as described herein is used toprovide monitoring, such as monitoring a progression of a disease orcondition in an individual, monitoring an effectiveness of a therapyprovided to an individual, or a combination thereof based one or moremagnetic fields that are sensed using the device. It should beunderstood that the devices and systems described herein are suitablefor measuring a magnetic field associated with any type of tissue.

In some embodiments of the devices and systems described herein, sensedmagnetic field data associated with a heart is used to generate amagnetocardiogram. In these embodiments of the devices and systemsdescribed herein, the devices and systems are utilized as amagnetocardiograph which is, for example, a passive, noninvasivebioelectric measurement tool intended to detect, record, and displaymagnetic fields that are naturally generated by electrical activity of aheart.

In some embodiments, a device or system as described herein isconfigured to measure one or more biomarkers in addition to a magneticfield. Non-limiting examples of biomarkers sensed in addition to amagnetic field using embodiments of the devices and systems describedherein include a body temperature, a heart rate, blood pressure, anechocardiogram (ECG), a magnetic field, or any combination thereof.

In some embodiments, an individual, whose magnetic field is sensed, isin good health. In some embodiments, an individual, whose magnetic fieldis sensed, is an individual suspected of having a condition or disease.In some embodiments, an individual, whose magnetic field is sensed, isan individual having received a previous diagnosis of having a conditionor disease.

In some embodiments, a condition or disease being identified in anindividual is a cardiac condition or disease. In some embodiments, acardiac condition or disease being identified in an individual comprisesrheumatic heart disease, hypertensive heart disease, ischemic heartdisease, cerebrovascular disease, inflammatory heart disease, valvularheart disease, an aneurysm, a stroke, atherosclerosis, arrhythmia,hypertension, angina, coronary artery disease, coronary heart disease, aheart attack, cardiomyopathy, pericardial disease, congenital heartdisease, heart failure, or any combination thereof.

A device as described herein, in some embodiments, comprises one or moresensors. In some embodiments, two or more sensors are arranged in asensor array. In some embodiments, a device as described herein includesan electromagnetic shield, and some embodiments of the devices describedherein do not include a shield.

Systems as described herein, in some embodiments, comprise any device asdescribed herein and one or more local and/or remote processors.

Sensors and Sensor Arrays for Sensing a Magnetic Field

In some embodiments of the devices and systems described herein, adevice comprises a sensor, such as an optically pumped magnetometer(OPM) as a measurement tool, which, in some embodiments, utilizesnonradioactive self-contained alkali metal cells coupled with a closedpumping laser and photodetector setup to measure minute magnetic fields.In some embodiments of the devices and systems described herein, thedevices and systems utilize OPMs in an n×n array (or grid) oralternative geometric configuration to collect magnetic field data at ndiscrete locations over, for example, a portion of a body of anindividual such as a chest area, which, in some embodiments, isdigitized using pickup electronics.

OPMs are typically configured to utilize nonradioactive self-containedalkali metal cells coupled with a closed pumping laser and photodetectorsetup to measure minute magnetic fields. Compared to superconductingquantum interference devices (SQUIDs), which are typically also used todetect these biomagnetic fields, OPM sensors are significantly smallerand typically do not require the use of cryogenic cooling.

The Earth's magnetic field is naturally present everywhere on Earth, andthe amplitude is about 50 microtesla. OPM performance is enhanced in atleast two exemplary ways in the presence of the Earth's ambient magneticfield. In a first OPM enhancing technique, a reference valuerepresenting Earth's magnetic field is used as part of a vectorsubtraction to isolate a signal of interest in an OPM. Another techniqueinvolves the use of a gradiometer for active noise cancellation for theOPM.

A sensor array configuration, as utilized in some embodiments of thedevices and systems described herein, comprises a custom arrayconfiguration. In some embodiments, a sensor array configuration iscustomized to an individual's anatomy. In some embodiments, a sensorarray configuration is customized to a location on the individual whichis measured, such as a chest location or a head location. In someembodiments, a sensor array configuration is customized to a measurementtype that a device is programmed to acquire. In some embodiments, asensor array configuration is customized to be operatively coupled witha shield and/or an arm. In some embodiments, a sensor arrayconfiguration is interchangeable with a different array configuration—auser may perform with interchange. An array configuration, in someembodiments, comprises an arc (such as a generally curved shape) havinga depth and comprising a radius from about 20 cm to about 50 cm or fromabout 10 cm to about 60 cm. An array configuration, such as an arcconfiguration, in some embodiments, comprises one or more variableinter-magnetometer distances and variable sensor densities. An arrayconfiguration, in some embodiments, comprises a concave structure (suchas a concave structure configured to wrap or form around a body region,such as a head or chest). One or more magnetometers is positioned on atleast a portion of a surface of the concave structure. A concave arrayconfiguration, in some embodiments, comprises one or more variableinter-magnetometer distances and variable sensor density.

In some embodiments, a sensor array n×n sensors. In some embodiments, asensor array is a 2D rectangular array, such as a 2×2 array or a 4×4array. In some embodiments, a sensor array is a 2D non-rectangulararray, such as a 2×1 array or a 4×1 array. In some embodiments, a sensorarray is a circular array or a semicircular array, such as a 3D array ofsensors positioned in an arc or concave structure. In some embodiments,a sensor array is a 2D array or a 3D array. In some embodiments, asensor of a sensor array comprises x, y, and z coordinates. An array, insome embodiments, comprises a single sensor, such as n×n=1×1. An array,in some embodiments, comprises two sensors, such as n×n=2×1. An array,in some embodiments, comprises three sensors. An array, in someembodiments, comprises four sensors. An array, in some embodiments,comprises nine sensors. An array, in some embodiments, comprises sixteensensors. An array, in some embodiments, comprises 25 sensors. An array,in some embodiments, comprises 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12,13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30,31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48,49, 50 sensors or more. In some embodiments, a sensor array comprises 8sensors. In some embodiments, a sensor array comprises 16 sensors. Insome embodiments, a sensor array comprises a single sensor housed in asingle housing. In some embodiments, a sensor array comprises aplurality of sensors housed in a single housing, such as a housinghaving multiple sensor configurations or changeable sensorconfigurations. In some embodiments, a sensor array comprises aplurality of sensors housed in a plurality of housings. In someembodiments, a sensor array comprises a plurality of sensors, eachsensor housed in a separate housing. In some embodiments, a first sensorand second sensor of a sensor array is different. In some embodiments, afirst sensor and a second sensor of a sensor array is the same. In someembodiments, each sensor of a sensor array is unique. In someembodiments, each sensor of a sensor array is identical. In someembodiments, a subset of sensors within a sensor array is unique. Insome embodiments, a subset of sensors within a sensor array isidentical. Spatial positioning of a sensor in a sensor array isadjustable, such as by a user or automated by a controller. In someembodiments, spatial positioning of a sensor in a sensor array is fixed.In some embodiments, a number of sensors in a sensor array is selectedbased on an application. In some embodiments, a number of sensors in asensor array is selected based on a type of measurement or a location ofa measurement. An array, in some embodiments, comprises a single channelarray or a multi-channel array. In some embodiments, increasing a numberof sensors of a sensor array increases a resolution of a measurementtaken by the array. In some embodiments, a sensor array of sensors isdensely packed, such as substantially adjacent or proximal one another.An array of sensors is sparsely spaced, such as having a spacing betweenone another. In some embodiments, a subset of sensors of a sensor arrayis densely packed. In some embodiments, a subset of sensors of a sensorarray is sparsely spaced or densely spaced. In some embodiments,centerpoints of any two sensors of a densely packed subset of sensors isspaced less than about: 5, 4.5, 4, 3.5, 3, 2.5, 2, 1.5, 1, 0.5, 0.1centimeters (cm) apart. In some embodiments, centerpoints of denselypacked sensors is spaced centerpoint to centerpoint from about 0.1 cm toabout 2.0 cm or from about 0.1 cm to about 1.5 cm or from about 1.0 cmto about 2.0 cm. In some embodiments, centerpoints of any two sensors ofa sparsely packed subset of sensors is spaced more than about: 1.5, 2,2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 8, 10 cm apart. In some embodiments,centerpoints of sparsely packed sensors is spaced centerpoint tocenterpoint from about 1.5 cm to about 3 cm or from about 2 cm to about5 cm or from about 2.5 cm to about 8 cm. In some embodiments, a centerpoint is a central location of a sensor, such as a central axis. In someembodiments, a centerpoint of a circular sensor is a central point atwhich all other edge points are of equal distance.

In some embodiments, a densely packed array indicates intermagnetometerplacement of less than 1.5 cm, while magnetometer placement of greaterthan about 1.5 cm constitutes a sparsely packed array.

In some embodiments, a housing is configured to house a sensor or asensor array of sensors. In some embodiments, the housing is configuredto accommodate a single configuration of sensor spacing within thehousing. In some embodiments, the housing is configured to accommodatemultiple configurations of sensor spacing within the housing. In someembodiments, the housing accommodates (i) adjusting sensor spacing, suchas a dense spacing or a sparse spacing, or (ii) varying a number ofsensors within the array. In some embodiments, a housing is a universalhousing for a plurality of arrays and array configurations.

In some embodiments, a sensor is configured to sense a presence of ormeasure a parameter of a magnetic field. A sensor, in some embodiments,comprises a sensitivity to a magnetic field of about 10 femtotesla perroot Hertz (fT/√Hz). A sensor, in some embodiments, comprises asensitivity of from about 1 fT/√Hz to about 20 fT/√Hz. A sensor, in someembodiments, comprises a sensitivity of from about 5 fT/√Hz to about 15fT/√Hz. A sensor, in some embodiments, comprises a sensitivity of fromabout 0.1 fT/√Hz to about 30 fT/√Hz. A sensor, in some embodiments,comprises a sensitivity of from about 0.5 fT/√Hz to about 12 fT/√Hz. Asensor, in some embodiments, comprises a sensitivity of from about 1fT/√Hz to about 15 fT/√Hz. A sensor, in some embodiments, comprises asensitivity of about: 0.001, 0.005, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 fT/√Hz.

In some embodiments, a sensor does not require a cooling element, suchas cryogenic cooling, to collect a measurement. In some embodiments, asensor collects a measurement over a temperature range of from about 30degrees Fahrenheit (F) to about 110 degrees F. In some embodiments, asensor collects a measurement over a temperature range of from about 50degrees F. to about 110 degrees F. In some embodiments, a sensorcollects a measurement over a time period of from about 1 second toabout 5 hours without a need for a cooling element. In some embodiments,a sensor collects a measurement over a time period of from about 1second to about 1 hour without a need for a cooling element. In someembodiments, a sensor collect a measurement over a time period of fromabout 1 second to about 30 minutes without a need for a cooling element.

A noise source, in some embodiments, comprises a magnetic fieldstrength. In some embodiments, a strength of a magnetic field of a noisesource is measured in units of Tesla (T). Noise, such as ambient noise,in some embodiments, comprises a magnetic field strength of less thanabout 100 nanotesla (nT). Noise, in some embodiments, comprises amagnetic field strength of less than about 1000 nT. Noise, in someembodiments, comprises a magnetic field strength of less than about 500nT. Noise, in some embodiments, comprises a magnetic field strength ofless that about 200 nT. Noise, in some embodiments, comprises a magneticfield strength of less than about 120 nT. Noise, in some embodiments,comprises a magnetic field strength of less than about 80 nT. A noisesource, such as a magnetic field of the Earth, in some embodiments,comprises a magnetic field strength of about 50 microtesla (mT). Noise,in some embodiments, comprises a magnetic field strength of from about40 mT to about 60 mT. Noise, in some embodiments, comprises a magneticfield strength of from about 10 mT to about 100 mT. Noise, in someembodiments, comprises an amplitude component, a frequency component, ora combination thereof, and, in some embodiments, comprises both sourcesthat is direct current (DC), alternating current (AC), or a combinationof the two.

Electromagnetic Shield

Some embodiments of the devices and systems as described herein areconfigured to provide an electromagnetic shield to reduce or eliminatethe ambient magnetic field of the Earth. A shield as described herein,in some embodiments, comprises a metal alloy (e.g. permalloy ormumetal), which when annealed in a hydrogen furnace providesexceptionally high magnetic permeability, thereby isolating regionsprotected by the shield (e.g. within a shield shaped as a chamber) fromthe Earth's magnetic field.

A chamber or shield as described herein minimizes interior magneticfields, and, in some embodiments, is constructed with one closed end andone open end. The closed end, in some embodiments, takes the form of aflat, conical, or domed endcap.

In some embodiments, utilization of a shield with sensor, such as asensor array provides a reduction of noise such that the sensor collectsa measurement that is substantially free of a noise or collects ameasurement in which a noise is significantly reduced. A noise, in someembodiments, comprises a noise from a noise source. In some embodiments,a noise source includes a high frequency noise, such as greater thanabout 20 Hz, a middle frequency noise, such as from about 1 Hz to about20 Hz, a low frequency noise such as from about 0.1 Hz to about 1 Hz, orany combination thereof. In some embodiments, a noise source includesany structure comprising metal. In some embodiments, a structurecomprising metal includes a metal implant such as a pacemaker, adefibrillator, an orthopedic implant, a dental implant, or others. Insome embodiments, a structure comprising metal includes a metal tool, ametal door, a metal chair, or others. In some embodiments, a noisesource includes operation of a device such as a fan, an air conditioner,a clinical apparatus, or vibrations of a building. In some embodiments,a noise source includes operation of a power supply or an electronicdevice such as a computer comprising a monitor or graphical userinterface.

A shield or portion thereof, in some embodiments, comprises a singlelayer of material. A shield or portion thereof, in some embodiments,comprises a plurality of layers of a material. A shield or portionthereof, in some embodiments, comprises a plurality of layers, whereinat least two of a plurality of layers comprise different materials. Ashield or portion thereof, in some embodiments, comprises 2 layers. Ashield or portion thereof, in some embodiments, comprises 3 layers. Ashield or portion thereof, in some embodiments, comprises 4 layers. Ashield or portion thereof, in some embodiments, comprises 5 layers. Ashield or portion thereof, in some embodiments, comprises 6 layers.

A layer of a shield or portion thereof, in some embodiments, comprises athickness from about 0.1 to about 10 millimeters. In some embodiments, alayer of a shield has a thickness from about 0.5 to about 5 millimeters.In some embodiments, a layer of a shield has a thickness from about 0.1to about 2 millimeters. In some embodiments, a layer of a shield has athickness from about 0.8 to about 5 millimeters. A thickness issubstantially the same along a length or a circumference of a shield. Insome embodiments, a thickness of a layer of a shield varies along alength or circumference of a shield.

In some embodiments, a shield comprises a plurality of layers. In someembodiments, a space is present between at least two layers of theplurality of layers. In some embodiments, a space is present betweeneach layer of the plurality of layers. In some embodiments, a space ispresent between a subset of layers of the plurality of layers. In someembodiments, a first layer of a shield is configured to be adjacent asecond layer of a shield. In some embodiments, a first layer of a shieldis configured to be attached or bonded to a second layer of a shield. Insome embodiments, a first layer of a shield is configured to bepositioned from about 0.1 inches to about 5 inches from a second layer.In some embodiments, a first layer of a shield is configured to bepositioned from about 1 inch to about 3 inches from a second layer. Insome embodiments, a first layer of a shield is configured to bepositioned from about 1 inch to about 20 inches from a second layer. Insome embodiments, a first layer of a shield is configured to bepositioned from about 1 inch to about 10 inches from a second layer.

In some embodiments, a length of a shield, such as an internal length oran external length, is about 2× an internal diameter of a shield. Insome embodiments, a length of a shield is from about 0.5× to about 3× aninternal diameter of a shield. In some embodiments, a length of a shieldis from about 1× to about 3× an internal diameter of a shield. In someembodiments, a length of a shield is from about 1.5× to about 3× aninternal diameter of a shield.

In some embodiments, a length of a shield is configured to accommodateat least a portion of an individual. In some embodiments, a length of ashield is configured to accommodate an individual. In some embodiments,a diameter of a shield, such as an internal diameter, is configured toaccommodate at least a portion of an individual. In some embodiments, adiameter of a shield, such as an internal diameter, is configured toaccommodate an individual. In some embodiments, an individual is a humansubject. In some embodiments, a human subject is an adult subject, apediatric subject, or a neonatal subject.

In some embodiments, a length of a shield is from about 40 inches toabout 100 inches. In some embodiments, a length of a shield is fromabout 50 inches to about 90 inches. In some embodiments, a length of ashield is from about 40 inches to about 150 inches. In some embodiments,a length of a shield is from about 60 inches to about 90 inches.

In some embodiments, a diameter of a shield is from about 40 inches toabout 60 inches. In some embodiments, a diameter of a shield is fromabout 45 inches to about 55 inches. In some embodiments, a diameter of ashield is from about 50 inches to about 70 inches.

In some embodiments, a shield or portion thereof is configured in asubstantially cylindrical shape. In some embodiments, a shield orportion thereof is configured in a substantially conical shape. In someembodiments, a shield comprises a first end and a second end. In someembodiments, a first end of a shield comprises a substantiallycylindrical shape and a second end of a shield comprises a conicalshape. In some embodiments, a shield is configured with a first endhaving a cylindrical shape that is tapered, such as gradually tapered,to a second end having a conical shape.

In some embodiments, a shield comprises an internal volume configuredfor placing an individual, a sensor, or a combination thereof within theinternal volume. When an individual is placed into an internal volume ofa shield, reducing an excess of internal volume is desirable. Forexample, providing a shield having a tapered end or a conical endreduces an excess of internal volume, improves spatial homogeneity of ameasurement taking by a sensor, reduces noise, or any combinationthereof.

In some embodiments, a measurement collected from a sensor is collectedfrom inside an internal volume of a shield. In some embodiments, ameasurement is collected in the absence of an individual. In someembodiments, a measurement is collected in the presence of anindividual. In some embodiments, a shield comprises a portion of aninternal volume having a greater spatial homogeneity or greater amountof noise reduction as compared with a different portion. For example, atapered end or a conical shaped end of an internal volume has greaterspatial homogeneity of a measurement, a noise reduction, or both ascompared to a cylindrical shaped end. In some embodiments, an individualis positioned within an internal volume of a shield such that an area ofthe subject desired to be measured by the sensor is positioned within aportion of the internal volume having greater spatial homogeneity of ameasurement, a reduction in noise, or both.

In some embodiments, altering a length of a shield, altering a diameterof a shield, altering a shape of a shield (such as a tapering) altersnoise reduction and quality of a measurement within an internal volumeof a shield. Each is independently altered or collectively altered tooptimize noise reduction or improve quality of a measurement taken by asensor.

In some embodiments, a shield comprises a coil, such as a Helmholtzcoil. In some embodiments, a coil generates a current within the coil.In some embodiments, addition of a coil to a shield improves a qualityof a measurement (such as a spatial homogeneity of a measurement),reduces a noise, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, a shieldcomprises a plurality of coils. A shield, in some embodiments, comprisesa single coil. A shield, in some embodiments, comprises two coils. Ashield, in some embodiments, comprises three coils. A shield, in someembodiments, comprises from 1 to 3 coils. In some embodiments, a coil ispositioned within a portion of a shield. In some embodiments, a coil ispositioned within a portion of a shield that a measurement occurs. Insome embodiments, a position of a coil is adjustable, such as by acontroller or by a user. In some embodiments, a position of a coil isadjusted for each measurement of a sensor. In some embodiments, aposition of a coil is pre-programed accordingly to a type of measurementof a sensor. In some embodiments, a position of a coil is adjustablewith an accuracy of from about 0.1 inches to about 5 inches. In someembodiments, a coil provides feedback to a user or to a controller thata desired positioned is achieved by the coil. In some embodiments, afeedback from a coil to a user or to a controller occurs prior to ameasurement, during a measurement, or after a measurement of a sensor.In some embodiments, a feedback from a coil confirms that a desiredposition (such as a position corresponding to a position of anindividual desired to be measured) is reached.

In some embodiments, a shield is modular. In some embodiments, a shieldor portion thereof is disposable. In some embodiments, a shield isconfigured to accept at least a portion of an individual, at least aportion of a sensor array, or a combination thereof. A portion of anindividual, in some embodiments, comprises a head, an arm, or a leg thatis placed into an inner volume of a shield. A portion of an individual,in some embodiments, comprises an individual from a mid-section to ahead or from a mid-section to a foot. In some embodiments, a shield isnot modular. In some embodiments, a shield is configured to interactwith one or more modular units. For example, a modular unit, such asbase unit, is modular and configured to modulate in relation to a shieldthat is stationary or non-modular.

In some embodiments, a shield or portion thereof is configured forsubject comfort. In some embodiments, a shield or portion thereof isconfigured with lighting, such as an internal volume of a shield, insome embodiments, comprises a lighting source. In some embodiments, ashield or portion thereof is configured with venting, such as one ormore ports or openings, such as one or more openings positioned on aninternal surface of a shield.

A shield, in some embodiments, comprises a single material. A shield, insome embodiments, comprises more than one material. A shield or aportion thereof, in some embodiments, comprises a metal, a metal alloy,or a combination thereof. A shield or a portion thereof, in someembodiments, comprises a permalloy or a mumetal. A shield or a portionthereof, in some embodiments, comprises aluminum, copper, gold, iron,nickel, platinum, silver, tin, zinc, or any combination thereof. Ashield or a portion thereof, in some embodiments, comprises brass,bronze, steel, chromoly, stainless steel, titanium, or any combinationthereof.

A shield or a portion thereof, in some embodiments, comprises nickel,iron, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, a shield or portionthereof comprises from about 70% to about 90% by weight of nickel. Insome embodiments, a shield or portion thereof comprises from about 75%to about 85% by weight of nickel. In some embodiments, a shield orportion thereof comprises from about 10% to about 30% by weight of iron.In some embodiments, a shield or portion thereof comprises from about15% to about 25% by weight of iron. In some embodiments, a shield orportion thereof comprises from about 70% to about 90% by weight ofnickel and from about 10% to about 30% by weight of iron. In someembodiments, a shield or portion thereof comprises from about 40% toabout 60% by weight nickel and about 50% to about 60% by weight of iron.In some embodiments, a shield or portion thereof comprising a permalloyor a mumetal also comprises one or more additional elements such asmolybdenum.

A shield or portion thereof, in some embodiments, comprises a materialhaving a high permeability. For example, a material, in someembodiments, comprises a relative permeability of from about 50,000 toabout 900,000 as compared to for example steel having a relativepermeability of from about 4,000 to about 12,000. A material, in someembodiments, comprises a relative permeability of from about 75,000 toabout 125,000. A material, in some embodiments, comprises a relativepermeability of from about 400,000 to about 800,000. A material, in someembodiments, comprises a relative permeability of greater than about50,000. A material, in some embodiments, comprises a relativepermeability of greater than about 75,000. A material, in someembodiments, comprises a relative permeability of greater than about100,000. A material, in some embodiments, comprises a relativepermeability of greater than about 200,000. A material, in someembodiments, comprises a relative permeability of greater than about300,000. A material, in some embodiments, comprises a relativepermeability of greater than about 400,000. A material, in someembodiments, comprises a relative permeability of greater than about500,000. A material, in some embodiments, comprises a relativepermeability of greater than about 600,000. A material, in someembodiments, comprises a relative permeability from about 80,000 toabout 900,000. A material, in some embodiments, comprises a relativepermeability from about 400,000 to about 800,000.

In some embodiments, a shield is monolith in form. In some embodiments,a shield is formed of a plurality of subcomponents configured together.In some embodiments, a shield is 3D printed. A shield, in someembodiments, comprises a material formed in a hydrogen furnace, such asa shield comprising one or more materials annealed in a hydrogenfurnace.

Described herein are devices and systems configured to sense a magneticfield associated with, for example, a tissue, a body part, or an organof an individual. In some embodiments of the devices and systemsdescribed herein, a device for sensing a magnetic field comprises amobile base unit and one or more magnetic field sensors. In someembodiments of the devices and systems described herein, a device forsensing a magnetic field comprises a mobile base unit, one or moremagnetic field sensors, and a shield for shielding ambientelectromagnetic noise.

In some embodiments of the devices and systems described herein, adevice for sensing a magnetic field comprises a mobile base unit that isconfigured for portability. In some embodiments, a mobile base unitincludes wheels or a track upon which the mobile base unit is moved on asurface. In some embodiments, a mobile base unit is hand-held. A mobilebase unit is configured, in some embodiments, to comprise a housingcontaining electronic components.

In some embodiments of the devices and systems described herein, adevice for sensing a magnetic field comprises one or more magnetic fieldsensors such as, for example, one or more OPMs.

In some embodiments of the devices and systems described herein, adevice for sensing a magnetic field comprises one or more couplingmechanisms for receiving and coupling with one or more sensors. In someembodiments of the systems and devices described herein, a device forsensing a magnetic field coupler comprises one or more arms orextensions that connect with the mobile base unit. In some embodimentsof the devices and systems described herein, a device for sensing amagnetic field includes one or more extensions or arms configured tomove, rotate, and/or articulate so as to position one or more sensorsfor sensing a magnetic field within proximity to an individual whosemagnetic field is to be sensed.

In some embodiments, a device or system as described herein comprises amechanical housing that comprises one or more nonferrous materials, suchas, for example, an aluminum alloy, a rubber, a plastic, a wood or anycombination thereof to minimize an amount of interference seen in abiomagnetic signal from a device or system itself.

EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

FIG. 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of a device for sensing a magneticfield 100 as described herein comprising a shield 107. A device forsensing a magnetic field 100 comprises a shield 107 and one or moresensors 106 (such as an optically pumped magnetometer). In someembodiments, two or more sensors 106 are arranged in an array.

A shield 107 comprises an open end 109 and a closed end 108. In someembodiments, the open end 109 is positioned adjacent to the closed end108. In some embodiments, the open end 109 is positioned opposite to theclosed end 108. A shield 107, in some embodiments, comprises one or moreopenings. One or more openings of the shield 107 are configured toreceive at least a portion of a base unit 101, at least a portion of anindividual 114, at least a portion of the one or more sensors 106, orany combination thereof.

For example, a shield 107 comprises an opening, such as a recess opening113 configured to receive a portion of a base unit 101. A shield 107, insome embodiments, comprises an opening 115 configured to receive atleast a portion of a base unit 101, at least a portion of an individual114, at least a portion of one or more sensors 106, or any combinationthereof. A shield 107 comprises an inner surface 110. In someembodiments, an inner surface 110, which, in some embodiments, comprisesa coating. In some embodiments, an inner surface 110 of a shield 107defines an inner volume of a shield. An inner volume of a shield 107 isa volume into which a portion of an individual 114, a portion of asensor, a portion of a base unit 101, or any combination thereof isreceived. A shield 107 comprises a shield portion 116 configured tostore a component of a device for sensing a magnetic field, such as anelectronic driver. A shield portion 116, in some embodiments, comprisesa drawer, a shelf, a cabinet, a compartment, or a section of a shield107. A shield portion 116, in some embodiments, is positioned on a sideportion of a shield. A shield portion 116, in some embodiments, ispositioned on a bottom of a shield 107.

In some embodiments, a device for sensing a magnetic field 100 asdescribed herein comprises a base unit 101. In the exemplary embodimentshown in FIG. 1, a base unit 101 comprises a bed or gurney on which anindividual 114 lies.

In some embodiments, a device for sensing a magnetic field 100 asdescribed herein is operatively coupled with a base unit 101. In someembodiments, a shield 107 is configured to receive a portion of a baseunit 101. For example, a recess opening of a shield 107 is, in someembodiments, configured to receive at least a portion of a base unit101, as shown in FIG. 1. In some embodiments, a base unit 101 isdirectly attachable to one or more sensors 106.

A base unit 101, in some embodiments, is configured as a stationary baseunit 101. A base unit 101, in some embodiments, is configured as amobile base unit 101. In some embodiments, a shield 107 is movablerelative to a base unit 101. In some embodiments, a base unit 101 ismovable relative to a shield 107. In some embodiments, a base unit 101and a shield 107 are movable relative to one another.

In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1, a base unit 101 isconfigured as a movable base unit 101, A movable base unit 101, in someembodiments, is configured to move in one or more degrees of freedom(e.g. relative to a shield 107). In some embodiments, a movable baseunit 101 is configured to move along an x axis, a y axis, a z axis, orany combination thereof. A movable base unit 101, in some embodiments,comprises one or more rotating elements such as a wheel (113 a, 113 b),a roller, a conveyor belt, or any combination thereof configured toprovide movement of a base unit 101 or a portion thereof. In someembodiments, a base unit 101 comprises one rotating element. In someembodiments, a base unit 101 comprises two rotating elements. In someembodiments, a base unit 101 comprises three rotating elements. In someembodiments, a base unit 101 comprises four rotating elements. In someembodiments, a base unit 101 comprises more than four rotating elements.In some embodiments, a rotating element is positioned at one or bothends of a base unit 101. In some embodiments, a base unit 101 comprisesa non-rotating element configured to be received into a track or channelsuch that the base unit 101 is movable along the track or channel. Insome embodiments, the track or channel is positioned adjacent thereto ashield 107, such that the base unit 101 is movable towards, away, orboth from the shield along the track or channel.

A base unit 101, in some embodiments, comprises one or more pivots (102a, 102 b). In some embodiments, a base unit 101 comprises one pivot. Insome embodiments, a base unit 101 comprises two pivots. In someembodiments, a base unit 101 comprises more than two pivots. A pivot 102a, 102 b, in some embodiments, is configured to permit movement of abase unit 101 such as by accommodating an individual being positionedonto a base unit 101. A pivot 102 a, 102 b, in some embodiments, isconfigured to permit movement of a base unit 101 such as to position thebase unit 101 within an inner volume of a shield 107. A pivot 102 a, 102b, in some embodiments, is configured to provide movement to the baseunit 101, providing one or more degrees of freedom.

In some embodiments, one or more sensors 106 are operatively coupled toan arm 103. An arm 103, in some embodiments, is a movable arm 103. Insome embodiments, the device has an extensible arm 103, at the end ofwhich, a sensor array 106 is housed. In some embodiments, any type ofOPM is used as one or more of the one or more sensors 106. In someembodiments, an arm 103 is movable in at least one degree of freedom. Anarm 103, in some embodiments, comprises a joint 104 configured toprovide movement to the arm 103. In some embodiments, an arm 103comprises more than one joint 104. In some embodiments, an arm 103comprises two joints 104. An arm 103, in some embodiments, isoperatively coupled one or more sensors 106 and to a base unit 101, suchas shown in FIG. 1. An arm 103, as shown in FIG. 1, is operativelycoupled to a base unit 101 by a beam 105.

In some embodiments, a device for sensing a magnetic field 100 asdescribed herein comprises a computer processor 112, as shown in FIG. 1.A computer processor 112, in some embodiments, comprises a graphicaluser interface. A computer processor 112, in some embodiments, comprisesa touchscreen.

A device for sensing a magnetic field 100, as shown in FIG. 1, comprisesa stand 111 configured to, for example, receive a computer processor112. A stand 111, in some embodiments, is positioned adjacent to ashield 107 or a base unit 101 of a device for sensing a magnetic field100. A stand 111, in some embodiments, is integral to or attachable to ashield 107 or a base unit 101 of a device for sensing a magnetic field100.

In some embodiments of the device 100 shown in FIG. 1, the device isessentially stationary. It should be understood that other embodimentsof the device 100 (and systems) described herein are configured to bemobile.

In some embodiments, the device 100 includes a compartment 116 or atabletop to house electronics, a computer interface, and a power supply,and in others it includes a separate unit to house these components,connected to the first component by wiring. In some embodiments, thedevice 100 requires a power supply via an electrical outlet. In someembodiments, standard operating procedure include extending a device'sarm 103 and lowering a base of a sensor unit 106 to a position, such asa position that is within 2 centimeters adjacent a skin surface of anindividual (such as an individual's 114 chest, head, or other region ofinterest). The device 100, in some embodiments, is calibrated using asoftware application that is provided with the device or providedseparately. In some embodiments, a biomagnetic signal of interest isdisplayed and recorded for immediate or later analysis.

Operation of a device (or system) 100 as described herein, in someembodiments, is controlled using either a software User Interface (UI)or manual UI or a combination UI including software and manual elements.In some embodiments, a UI is installed on site, on a provided accessorycomputer. The use of the device is prescribed by a medical professionalsuch as a physician to determine more information regarding anindividual's condition. Within the UI, User preferences and acquisitionparameters are chosen, including a sampling rate and an axis operationof the device or system. From the software user interface, magneticfield signals from an individual, such as signals corresponding to anindividual's heart, is displayed and saved to a file. In someembodiments, the device or system is configured to measure cardiacelectrical activity, creating waveforms similar to electrocardiographrecordings which may demonstrate points of interest in a cardiac cycle.

One or more sensors 106 are arranged in an array wherein one or moreoptically pumped magnetometers outputs one or more waveforms. An array,in some embodiments, outputs one waveform per sensor of the array. Insome embodiments, individual waveforms of individual sensors arecombined into a single waveform. An array, in some embodiments, outputsa single waveform which comprises a combination of waveforms from eachsensor of the array. In some embodiments, magnetic field data isvisualized as a series of 2D images made from interpolated magneticfield values between sensors. In some embodiments, an array comprises atleast one OPM and at least one other type of magnetomitor. In someembodiments, an array comprises only OPMs.

The shield 107, in some embodiments, is housed in a shrouded structure,and the total device length, in some embodiments, is at minimum of about2.25 meters (m) in length, with a bore opening (or an internal openingdiameter) of about 0.8 m.

In some embodiments, in order to insert an individual into a shield 107,a base unit 101 such as a bed platform is used upon which the subject ispositioned. During device use, a flexible jointed arm 103 with x-y-ztranslational movement is configured to occupy any point within asemicircle defined by total arm length at extension is used to positionan array of n-optically pumped magnetometers in a wide range ofgeometries on or proximally above a portion of an individual (such as anindividual's 114 chest, head, or other organ) using a set standardoperating procedure based on an organ of interest, a condition ordisease of interest, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments,after this point, the sensor array is turned on and at least a portionof the subject, at least a portion of the base unit 101 (e.g. bedplatform), or a combination thereof is slid into the shield 107. Using aprovided computer application, fast calibration of the sensors occurs,and then the magnetic field of the organ of interest is displayed, andrecorded, or a combination thereof for immediate or later analysis. Insome embodiments, electronic drivers for the sensors are housed eitherunderneath the shield 107 portion of the device 100, or are housed in anadjacent cart with computer control.

The system, in some embodiments, comprises a touch screen computerinterface (such as a graphical user interface) housed on a side of thedevice itself, or on said adjacent cart.

As shown in FIG. 2, a shield, in some embodiments, comprises a shieldframe 200. A shield frame 200, in some embodiments, provides amacrostructure or shape for the shield. In some embodiments, a shieldframe 200 is positioned at an inner surface or an outer surface of theshield. In some embodiments, a shield frame 200 is configured to receiveone or more portions of a base unit. In some embodiments, a shield frame200 comprises an open end 201 and a closed end 203. In some embodiments,an opening 202 is positioned on the open end 201, such as an openingconfigured to receive a portion of a base unit. In some embodiments, anopening, such as a recess opening 204, is positioned on the open end 201or a closed end 203, and is configured to receive a portion of a baseunit. In some embodiments, a shield frame 200 comprises individualelements operatively connected to form the shield frame 200 or theshield frame 200, in some embodiments, comprises a single monolith frameor 3D printed frame. In some embodiments, a shield frame 200 comprisesone or more layers.

As shown in FIG. 3, an exemplary embodiment of a device or system 300 asdescribed herein comprises a shield 301. The shield 301 comprises aclosed end 302 and an open end 303. In some embodiments, an open end 303of a shield 301 is positioned opposite a closed end 302 of the shield301. In some embodiments, an open end 303 of a shield 301 is positionedadjacent to a closed end 302 of the shield 301. In some embodiments, anopen end 303 is configured to position a sensor, an individual 305, abase unit 306 (such as a movable base unit), or any combination thereofwithin an inner volume of the shield 301. In some embodiments, a shield301 comprises an inner surface 304. In some embodiments, an innersurface 304 of a shield 301 spatially defines an inner volume of theshield 301. In some embodiments, an inner surface 304 is configured tointerface with an individual 305. In some embodiments, an inner surface304 comprises venting or lighting to accommodate an individual 305. Insome embodiments, a base unit 306 comprises one or more pivots, suchthat one or more portions of a base unit 306 is adjustable. For example,a base unit 306, in some embodiments, comprises a first pivot 307 and asecond pivot 308. In some embodiments, a pivot is configured to adjust aposition of a base unit 306 relative to a shield 301. In someembodiments, a pivot is configured to adjust a position of a base unit306 relative in an inner volume of a shield 301. In some embodiments, abase unit 306 comprises 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or more pivots. In someembodiments, a pivot provides a movement in one or more degrees offreedom. In some embodiments, a pivot provides a bending motion. In someembodiments, a pivot provides a rotational motion. In some embodiments,a pivot provides an extending motion. In some embodiments, a base unit306 comprises a base 309. In some embodiments, a base 309 is configuredto support a portion of the base unit 306 that holds an individual 305,a sensor, a sensor array or a combination thereof. In some embodiments,a base 309 is configured to move into an opening 310 of a shield 301,such that a portion of the base unit 306 that holds an individual 305,an array, or a combination thereof is moved into and out of an internalvolume of the shield 301. In some embodiments, an internal volume of ashield 301 comprises a structure 311, such as a track or channel or rodor protrusion that is configured to accept a portion of the base unit306 (such as a portion associated with an individual 305, an sensor orboth) as the portion is moved into and out of the internal volume of theshield 301.

As shown in FIG. 4, an exemplary device or system 400 as describedherein comprises a base unit 412 (such as a mobile base unit 412) andone or more sensors that in some embodiments comprise an array ofsensors 401 (such as an optically pumped magnetometer).

In some embodiments, a device 400 comprises a structure 402, such as ahandle, a beam, or rod, or protrusion that is configured to allow a userto adjust a position of the array 401.

In some embodiments a device 400 comprises one or more pivots (such as403 or 408). In some embodiments, a pivot adjusts a position of a baseunit 412 or a subcomponent thereof, a position of an array 401, or acombination thereof. In some embodiments, a pivot (403 or 408) isadjusted manually, automatically, or a combination thereof. In someembodiments, a pivot (403 or 408) is adjusted by a user, by acontroller, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, a pivot (403or 408) is configured to provide movement in one or more degrees offreedom. In some embodiments, a pivot (403 or 408) provides a bendingmotion. In some embodiments, a pivot (403 or 408) provides an extendingmotion. In some embodiments, a pivot (403 or 408) provides a rotationalmotion.

In some embodiments, a base unit 412 comprises one or more compartments(such as 410 or 411). In some embodiments, a base unit 412 comprises asingle compartment. In some embodiments, a base unit 412 comprises twocompartments. In some embodiments, a base unit 412 comprises a pluralityof compartments. In some embodiments, a base unit 412 comprises threecompartments. In some embodiments, a first compartment and a secondcompartment are different. In some embodiments, a first compartment anda second compartment are the same. In some embodiments, a firstcompartment is larger in size than a second compartment. In someembodiments, a first compartment is positioned adjacent to a secondcompartment. In some embodiments, a first compartment is positionedabove a second compartment. In some embodiments, a first compartment ispositioned within a second compartment. In some embodiments, acompartment is configured to house one or more components. For example,a compartment is configured to house a power source, such that a baseunit 412 is not restricted to remain proximal to a wall outlet orexternal power source. In some embodiments, a compartment is configuredto house a computer including an operating system, a database, amonitor, a graphical user interface, or any combination thereof. In someembodiments, a compartment is configured to house one or more sensors ora housing for a sensor.

In some embodiments, a base unit 412 comprises one or more compartments(such as 409 or 410). In some embodiments, a base unit 412 comprises asingle compartment. In some embodiments, a base unit 412 comprises twocompartments. In some embodiments, a base unit 412 comprises a pluralityof compartments. In some embodiments, a base unit 412 comprises threecompartments. In some embodiments, a first compartment and a secondcompartment are different. In some embodiments, a first compartment anda second compartment are the same. In some embodiments, a firstcompartment is larger in size than a second compartment. In someembodiments, a first compartment is positioned adjacent to a secondcompartment. In some embodiments, a first compartment is positionedabove a second compartment. In some embodiments, a first compartment ispositioned within a second compartment. In some embodiments, acompartment is configured to house one or more components. For example,a compartment is configured to house a power source, such that a baseunit 412 is not restricted to remain proximal to a wall outlet orexternal power source. In some embodiments, a compartment is configuredto house a computer including an operating system, a database, amonitor, a graphical user interface, or any combination thereof. In someembodiments, a compartment is configured to house one or more sensors ora housing for a sensor.

In some embodiments, a base unit 412 comprises a surface 409, such as aflat surface. The surface 409 is configured to hold a computer or othercomponent of the system. In some embodiments, a base unit 412 comprisesone or more rotating elements (such as 414 a or 414 b). In someembodiments, a rotating element comprises a wheel (414 a, 414 b), aroller, a conveyor belt, or any combination thereof configured toprovide movement of a base unit 412. A base unit 412, in someembodiments, comprises an arm 413. In some embodiments, one end of anarm 413 is configured to associate with the array 401 of sensors. Insome embodiments, a second end of an arm 413 is configured to associatewith the base unit 412, at for example a compartment 410 or 411 or asurface 409. In some embodiments, an arm 413 is adjustable. For example,an arm 413 is extendible in length, such as a first portion 405 of anarm 413 that extends from a second portion 407 of an arm 413. In someembodiments, a first 405 or second 407 portion of an arm 413 comprises alock element (such as a knob or protrusion or pin-in-groove) forsecuring the arm 413 or the first 405 or second 407 portion of the arm413 in an extended, flexed, or collapsed position.

In some embodiments, a pivot 408 is positioned at a first end 405 of anarm 413, at a second end 407 of an arm 413 (as shown in FIG. 4), or acombination thereof. In some embodiments, a pivot 403 is positioned atan end of an arm 413 that is adjacent an array 401. In some embodiments,a pivot 408 is positioned at an end of an arm 413 that is adjacent acompartment 410 or 411 or a surface 409. In some embodiments, a baseunit 412 comprises wiring 404, such as one or more wires. Wiring 404 isconfigured to associate with one or more sensors of an array 401, one ormore power sources of the base unit 412, one or more computers of thebase unit 412, or any combination thereof. The base unit 412, in someembodiments, comprises a wire securing element 406 (such as a tie orlatch or hook) to secure one or more wires of the base unit 412. In someembodiments, a wire securing element 406 is positioned on an arm 413 ofthe base unit 412. In some embodiments, a wire securing element 406 ispositioned in a compartment of the base unit 412. In some embodiments, awire securing element 406 is positioned proximal an array 401, proximalan extension point of an arm 413, proximal a pivot (403 or 408), or anycombination thereof.

In some embodiments, a device 400 is combined with a shield (not shown)such as, for example, a disposable shield or a modular shield. In someembodiments, a shield is separate from a base unit 412. In someembodiments, a shield is associated with a base unit 412, such asattached to a base unit 412 at a position that is proximal the array401.

In some embodiments, a shield is integral to the device 400. In someembodiments, a shield, an array 401, an arm 413, or any combinationthereof is operatively connected (such as by wiring or wirelessly) to acontroller or computer system.

As shown in FIG. 5, in some embodiments of the devices and systemsdescribed herein, an arm 500 of a mobile cart device comprises anarticulating and/or extending mechanism 501. As shown in FIG. 5, in someembodiments an extending mechanism 501 comprises a telescoping housingfor a portion of arm 500 to telescope in and out of. In someembodiments, an articulating mechanism 501 comprises a joint.

An arm 500, in some embodiments, comprises one or more holders 502, suchas a holder for securing a wiring component 503 to a position on the arm500. In some embodiments, a holder 502 is located at any position alonga length of an arm 500. In some embodiments, a location of a holder 502along a length of an arm 500 is adjustable. In some embodiments, ahousing or tubing 504 is configured to house one or more wiringcomponents 503. In some embodiments, a wiring component 503 operativelyconnects a sensor array to one or more components, such as a computer orpower source. The arm 500, in some embodiments, comprises a first andsecond end. In some embodiments, a first end of the arm 500 isconfigured to be coupled to the sensor array 509. The first end iscoupled to the sensor array by a pivot 505. In some embodiments, a pivot505 provides one or more degrees of freedom of movement to the sensorarray 509. In some embodiments, a position of a sensor array is adjustedby employing an actuator, such as a motorized button 506. The actuator,in some embodiments, adjusts a linear motion of the sensor array such astowards or away from a surface of an individual. In some embodiments,the actuator has a separate power button 507. In some embodiments, themotorized button 506 and the power button are the same. In someembodiments, the actuator comprises a bar or a handle 508. The bar isconfigured for manual adjustment of the arm 500 position, the sensorarray position, or a combination thereof.

In some embodiments, a mobile cart device is configured to transitionfrom an extended configuration as shown in FIG. 7 to a collapsedconfiguration as shown in FIG. 6. In some embodiments, a mobile cartdevice is configured to transition between two configurations one ormore times. In some embodiments, a mobile cart device is configured fora user to manually transition the device between two configurations. Insome embodiments, a mobile cart device is configured for automatictransition between two configurations, such as automated by a motorsystem operatively coupled to a controller.

FIG. 6 shows an exemplary mobile cart device 600 in a collapsedconfiguration. As shown in FIG. 6, a mobile cart device 600 comprises asensor array 604, such as an optically pumped magnetometer. The sensorarray 604 is coupled to a first end of an arm 608. In some embodiments,a second end of the arm 608 is coupled at location 607 to a top end of avertical beam 602 or frame. The coupling, in some embodiments, comprisesa pivot. In some embodiments, a pivot coupling is configured totransition the device 600 from an extended configuration to a collapsedconfiguration. In some embodiments, a cross beam 601 is coupled atlocation 609 to the arm 608 at any position between the first end andthe second end. In some embodiments, a cross beam 601 is coupled to thearm 608 at a midpoint between the first end and the second end of thearm 608. In some embodiments, the cross beam 601 comprises a pivot, suchas a pivot positioned at a midpoint along the cross beam 601. In someembodiments, a cross beam pivot is configured to transition the device600 from an extended configuration to a collapsed configuration. In someembodiments, a cross beam 601 is configured to bend or to pivot suchthat the first end coupled to the sensor array 604 is moved towards abottom end of the vertical beam 602. One or more pivots of a device 600are locked in a configuration, such as an extended configuration or acollapsed configuration, such as by a locking element at position 607 or601, or both.

In some embodiments, a mobile cart device 600 comprises a handle 610,such as a handle that is coupled to the arm 608. The handle 610, in someembodiments, facilitates actuation of the arm 608 to transition thedevice 600 between an extend configuration and a collapsedconfiguration. In some embodiments, a mobile cart device 600 incomprises one or more rotating elements (such as wheels 605 and 606)configured to rotate such that the mobile cart device 600 is moved. Insome embodiments, a mobile cart device 600 comprises one or moreanchoring elements (such as rubber feet 612 and 613) configured tosecure the mobile cart device 600 in a desired location. In someembodiments, a mobile cart device 600 comprises a handle 611. In someembodiments, a handle 611 is configured to actuate one or more elementsof the device 600. For example, a handle 611 is configured to actuate anarm 608 of the device 600 relative to the frame. In some embodiments, ahandle 611 is configured to actuate a sensor array 604 relative to thearm 608. In some embodiments, a handle 611 translates a sensor array 604in linear motion towards or away from an arm 608. In some embodiments, ahandle 611 is configured to rotate. In some embodiments, a handle 611 isoperatively coupled to a drive screw 603 for translating rotationalmotion of the handle 611 to linear motion of the sensor array 604.

FIG. 7 shows an exemplary mobile cart device 700 similar to FIG. 6 andin an extended configuration. A device 700 comprises a sensor array 701,comprising one or more optically pumped magnetometer. The sensor array701 is operatively coupled to a first end of an arm 706 of the device700 by one or more shafts (such as a linear motion shaft 702). In someembodiments, a second end of the arm 706 is coupled at location 707 toone or more vertical beams (such as beam 709 and beam 710). The couplinglocated at location 707, in some embodiments, comprises a pivot. Thecoupling is configured to transition the arm 706 between an extendedconfiguration and a collapsed configuration. In some embodiments, thecoupling is configured to move the sensor array 701 towards and awayfrom the vertical beam.

The arm 706, in some embodiments, comprises a handle 704, a handle 703,or both configured to actuate a portion of the device 700. For example,handle 704 is configured to move the arm 706 relative to the frame.Handle 703 is configured to move the sensor array 701 relative to thearm 706. A device 700, in some embodiments, comprises a cross beam 713.In some embodiments, a first end 705 of a cross beam 713 is coupled tothe arm 706, at a position between the first end and the second end ofthe arm 706, such as a midpoint position. In some embodiments, a secondend 711 of the cross beam 713 is coupled to the frame, such as to avertical beam or a cross beam 713 positioned between two vertical beams.A cross beam 713, in some embodiments, comprises a pivot 708. In someembodiments, a pivot is positioned at a midpoint on the cross beam 713.In some embodiments, a pivot 708 is configured to bend. In someembodiments, a pivot 708 is configured to transition the device betweena collapsed configuration and an extended configuration. In someembodiments, a pivot 708 is reversibly lockable. A device 700, in someembodiments, comprises one or more rotating elements, such as a wheel712, configured to move the device between locations.

FIG. 8 shows an exemplary computer system 801 that is programmed orotherwise configured to direct operation of a device or system asdescribed herein, including movement of a base unit, movement of ashield, movement of a mobile cart, movement of a sensor array,acquisition of a measurement, comparison of a measurement to a referencemeasurement, or any combination thereof. The computer system 801regulates various aspects of (a) movement of one or more device orsystem components, (b) operation of one or more sensors, (c) adjustmentof one or more parameters of a sensor, (d) computationally evaluation ofone or more measurements of a device or system, (e) display of variousparameters including input parameters, results of a measurement, or anycombination of any of these. In some embodiments, a computer system 801is an electronic device of a user (e.g. smartphone, laptop) or, in someembodiments, is remotely located with respect to the electronic device.The electronic device, in some embodiments, is a mobile electronicdevice.

The computer system 801 includes a central processing unit (CPU, also“processor” and “computer processor” herein) 805, which, in someembodiments, is a single core or multi core processor, or a plurality ofprocessors for parallel processing. The computer system 801 alsoincludes memory or memory location 810 (e.g., random-access memory,read-only memory, flash memory), electronic storage unit 815 (e.g., harddisk), communication interface 820 (e.g., network adapter) forcommunicating with one or more other systems, and peripheral devices825, such as cache, other memory, data storage and/or electronic displayadapters. The memory 810, storage unit 815, interface 820 and peripheraldevices 825 are in communication with the CPU 805 through acommunication bus (solid lines), such as a motherboard. The storage unit815 is configured as a data storage unit (or data repository) forstoring data. The computer system 801 is operatively coupled to acomputer network (“network”) 830 with the aid of the communicationinterface 820. The network 830 is the Internet, an internet and/orextranet, or an intranet and/or extranet that is in communication withthe Internet. The network 830 in some embodiments is a telecommunicationand/or data network. The network 830 includes one or more computerservers, which enable distributed computing, such as cloud computing.The network 830, in some embodiments, with the aid of the computersystem 801, implements a peer-to-peer network, which enables devicescoupled to the computer system 801 to behave as a client or a server.

The CPU 805 is configured to execute a sequence of machine-readableinstructions, which are be embodied in a program or software. Theinstructions are stored in a memory location, such as the memory 810.The instructions are directed to the CPU 805, which is subsequentlyprogram or otherwise configure the CPU 805 to implement methods of thepresent disclosure. Examples of operations performed by the CPU 805include fetch, decode, execute, and writeback.

The CPU 805 is part of a circuit, such as an integrated circuit. One ormore other components of the system 801 are included in the circuit. Insome embodiments, the circuit is an application specific integratedcircuit (ASIC).

The storage unit 815 stores files, such as drivers, libraries and savedprograms. The storage unit 815 stores user data, e.g., user preferencesand user programs. The computer system 801 in some embodiments includeone or more additional data storage units that are external to thecomputer system 801, such as located on a remote server that is incommunication with the computer system 801 through an intranet or theInternet.

The computer system 801 communicates with one or more remote computersystems through the network 830. For instance, the computer system 801communicates with a remote computer system of a user (e.g., a secondcomputer system, a server, a smart phone, an iPad, or any combinationthereof). Examples of remote computer systems include personal computers(e.g., portable PC), slate or tablet PC's (e.g., Apple® iPad, Samsung®Galaxy Tab), telephones, Smart phones (e.g., Apple® iPhone,Android-enabled device, Blackberry®), or personal digital assistants.The user accesses the computer system 801 via the network 830.

Methods as described herein are implemented by way of machine (e.g.,computer processor) executable code stored on an electronic storagelocation of the computer system 801, such as, for example, on the memory810 or electronic storage unit 815. The machine executable or machinereadable code is provided in the form of software. During use, the codeis executed by the processor 805. In some embodiments, the code isretrieved from the storage unit 815 and stored on the memory 810 forready access by the processor 805. In some situations, the electronicstorage unit 815 is precluded, and machine-executable instructions arestored on memory 810.

A machine readable medium, such as computer-executable code, takes manyforms, including but not limited to, a tangible storage medium, acarrier wave medium or physical transmission medium. Non-volatilestorage media include, for example, optical or magnetic disks, such asany of the storage devices in any computer(s) or the like, such as isused to implement the databases, etc. shown in the drawings. Volatilestorage media include dynamic memory, such as main memory of such acomputer platform. Tangible transmission media include coaxial cables;copper wire and fiber optics, including the wires that comprise a buswithin a computer system. Carrier-wave transmission media takes the formof electric or electromagnetic signals, or acoustic or light waves suchas those generated during radio frequency (RF) and infrared (IR) datacommunications. Common forms of computer-readable media thereforeinclude for example: a floppy disk, a flexible disk, hard disk, magnetictape, any other magnetic medium, a CD-ROM, DVD or DVD-ROM, any otheroptical medium, punch cards paper tape, any other physical storagemedium with patterns of holes, a RAM, a ROM, a PROM and EPROM, aFLASH-EPROM, any other memory chip or cartridge, a carrier wavetransporting data or instructions, cables or links transporting such acarrier wave, or any other medium from which a computer readsprogramming code and/or data. Many of these forms of computer readablemedia is involved in carrying one or more sequences of one or moreinstructions to a processor for execution.

The computer system 801, in some embodiments, includes or is incommunication with an electronic display 835 that comprises a userinterface (UI) 840 for providing, for example, a graphicalrepresentation of one or more signals measured, one or more referencesignals, one or more parameters that is input or adjusted by a user orby a controller, or any combination thereof. Examples of UI's include,without limitation, a graphical user interface (GUI) and web-based userinterface.

Methods and systems of the present disclosure are, in some embodiments,implemented by way of one or more algorithms. An algorithm, in someembodiments, is implemented by way of software upon execution by thecentral processing unit 805. The algorithm is, for example, comparing asignal to a reference signal.

FIGS. 9A-B show an example of a shield. In some embodiments, a shieldhas a first end and a second end. A first end of a shield, in someembodiments, comprises a closed taper end 901 a or 901 b. In someembodiments, a second end of the shield comprises an open end 904,substantially cylindrical in shape. In some embodiments, the opening ofthe second end is configured to receive at least a portion of anindividual, a sensor array, a base unit, or any combination thereof intothe shield. In some embodiments, a shield is monolith. In someembodiments, a shield is formed of one or more segments, such as a firstsegment 901 a or 901 b, a second segment 902 a or 902 b, and a thirdsegment 903. In some embodiments, a shield comprises one layer. Ashield, in some embodiments, comprises more than one layer. A shield, insome embodiments, comprises an inner layer 905. A shield, in someembodiments, comprises a spacing 906 between two layers.

FIGS. 10A-B show an exemplary engineering drawing of the shield that isshown in FIGS. 9A-B. As shown in FIG. 10A, a cross-sectional view of theshield demonstrates an example of suitable geometrical dimensions for ashield. The shield is shown as the cylindrical portion of the picture,with supports below comprising nylon, though attachments and supports isconstructed of any nonferrous material known in the art. FIG. 10 B showsthe longitudinal view of the same sample shield. In some embodiments, ashield has an overall length of from about 2000 millimeters (mm) toabout 2500 mm or from about 2200 mm to about 2300 mm (such as about2272.5 mm), an inner length of from about 1500 mm to about 2000 mm orfrom about 1700 mm to about 1800 mm (such as about 1750.0 mm), an innerlayer with diameter of from about 500 mm to about 1000 mm or from about700 mm to about 900 mm (such as about 800.0 mm), a middle layer withdiameter of from about 600 mm to about 1100 mm or from about 800 mm toabout 950 mm (such as about 883.0 mm), and an outer layer with diameterof from about 700 mm to about 1200 mm or from about 900 mm to about 1050mm (such as about 986.0 mm), as indicated by FIGS. 10A-B.

A shield, in some embodiments, comprises more than one layer withspacing between any two given layers. In some embodiments, a shield hasnon-uniform spacing between any two layers. Different sets of layers, insome embodiments, have non-uniform spacing relative to each other.

A layer of a shield or portion thereof, in some embodiments, comprises athickness from about 0.1 to about 10 millimeters. In some embodiments, alayer of a shield has a thickness from about 0.5 to about 5 millimeters.In some embodiments, a layer of a shield has a thickness from about 0.1to about 2 millimeters. In some embodiments, a layer of a shield has athickness from about 0.8 to about 5 millimeters. A thickness issubstantially the same along a length or a circumference of a shield. Insome embodiments, a thickness of a layer of a shield varies along alength or circumference of a shield.

In some embodiments, a shield comprises a plurality of layers. In someembodiments, a space is present between at least two layers of theplurality of layers. In some embodiments, a space is present betweeneach layer of the plurality of layers. In some embodiments, a space ispresent between a subset of layers of the plurality of layers. In someembodiments, a first layer of a shield is configured to be adjacent asecond layer of a shield. In some embodiments, a first layer of a shieldis configured to be attached or bonded to a second layer of a shield. Insome embodiments, a first layer of a shield is configured to bepositioned from about 0.1 inches to about 5 inches from a second layer.In some embodiments, a first layer of a shield is configured to bepositioned from about 1 inch to about 3 inches from a second layer. Insome embodiments, a first layer of a shield is configured to bepositioned from about 1 inch to about 20 inches from a second layer. Insome embodiments, a first layer of a shield is configured to bepositioned from about 1 inch to about 10 inches from a second layer.

In some embodiments, a length of a shield, such as an internal length oran external length, is about 2× an internal diameter of a shield. Insome embodiments, a length of a shield is from about 0.5× to about 3× aninternal diameter of a shield. In some embodiments, a length of a shieldis from about 1× to about 3× an internal diameter of a shield. In someembodiments, a length of a shield is from about 1.5× to about 3× aninternal diameter of a shield.

In some embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 11A-L, the layers of the shieldare separated using spacers of variable width, height, and lengthdepending on the application of interest. In some embodiments, thespacers used to separate layers of the shield take the form of an arc.In some embodiments, spacers are used to cover a portion or the entirecircumference of two consecutive layers. In some embodiments, spacerscover only part of the circumference of two consecutive layers.

In some embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 12A-B, a shield support ismanufactured in one or more pieces and is configured to be operativelyconnected (such as joined) by way of bolts, fasteners, screws, or anycombination thereof. In some embodiments, a shield support isoperatively connected (such as attached) to a shield by one or more:fasteners, bolts, screws, or any combination thereof. In someembodiments, a support is also attached using an adhesive fastener. Insome embodiments, as seen in FIG. 12A, a shield spacer is positionedanywhere along the circumference of two consecutive layers. In someembodiments, a system of one or more hooks is operatively connected(such as attached) to any surface of any layer of the shield by anadhesive, a fastener, a screw, a bolt, or any combination thereof. Alayer, comprises a protective layer. An inner layer, a middle layer, anouter layer, or any combination thereof, in some embodiments, comprisesa protective layer. In some embodiments, a portion of a layer comprisesa protective layer. A protective layer, in some embodiments, comprises anonferrous material. A protective layer, in some embodiments, comprisespolyvinyl chloride plastic. In some embodiments, a protective layerspans the entire interior surface of a shield. In some embodiments,protective layer spans part of an interior surface of a shield.

FIG. 13, shows an exemplary hook 1300 configured to span a portion of oran entire volume of a shield. In some embodiments, one or more hooks1300 are operatively connected to a wiring (such as holding a wiring)and is designed to transmit analog electrical signals, digitalelectrical signals, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, oneor more hooks 1300 are positioned along a single plane of a shield. Insome embodiments, hooks 1300 are positioned along more than one plane ofa shield. Hooks are positioned along multiple planes. In someembodiments, hooks 1300 are positioned on an inside surface of a shield.In some embodiments, hooks 1300 are positioned circumferentially about ashield at a single cross section. In some embodiments, hooks 1300 arepositioned circumferentially about a shield and continuing along alength of a shield. In some embodiments, hooks 1300 are configured tohold an electrical coil system, such as an electrical coil systemdesigned to eliminate an accumulated magnetic field. In someembodiments, hooks 1300 are configured to hold an electrical coilsystem, such as an electrical coil system designed to create ahomogenous magnetic environment inside a shield. In some embodiments, anelectrical coil system is configured to employ the use of a wire ofvariable gauge. An exemplary wire gauge suitable for use with devicesand systems described herein is 28 AWG shown in FIG. 13.

As shown in FIGS. 14A-14B, a mobile cart device, in some embodiments, iscapable of operation in a non-magnetically shielded environment. In someembodiments, a computer, electronics, or combination thereof is housedon the mobile cart device itself. In some embodiments, an electroniccontrol module is housed in a compartment (such as a cabinet) of themobile cart device. In some embodiments, a mobile cart is configured tobe powered by a battery (such as a mobile battery). In some embodiments,a device's arm is configured for motorized movement in one or moredegrees of freedom.

One example of a mobile cart device 1400 is shown in FIGS. 14A-14B. Thisexample is similar to the example shown in FIG. 4. A device or system asdescribed herein, in some embodiments, comprises a base unit (such as amobile base unit) and an array of sensors, (such as an optically pumpedmagnetometer). In some embodiments, the array of sensors is housed in ahousing 1404. In some embodiments, the housing 1404 is interchangeable.In some embodiments, the housing 1404 is universally configured toaccommodate more than one sensor array configuration. In someembodiments, the housing 1404 is configured to be removable and replacedwith a different housing. In some embodiments, the housing 1404comprises a motor feature 1403, such that an adjusted of a sensor arrayposition is adjusted by pressing the motor feature 1403 on the housing1404. In some embodiments, the adjustment is automated. In someembodiments, the adjustment is performed manually by a user pressing themotor feature 1403. A base unit, in some embodiments, comprises astructure, such as an arm, a beam, a rod or a protrusion that isconfigured to allow a user to adjust a position of the array. In someembodiments, the arm is configured to be associated with the sensorarray or the housing 1404, such as associated with a bracket 1402. Insome embodiments, the arm is extendible. In some embodiments, the arm ismovable in one or more degrees of freedom. In some embodiments, aposition of an arm, such as an extended arm position, is secured by alocking component 1401. In some embodiments, a locking component 1401,such as a locking solenoid, is positioned on the arm. In someembodiments, a locking component 1401 is operatively integrated with themotor feature 1403. A base unit, in some embodiments, comprises a singlecompartment 1405. A base unit, in some embodiments, comprises twocompartments. A base unit, in some embodiments, comprises a plurality ofcompartments. In some embodiments, a compartment 1405 is configured tohouse one or more components. For example, a compartment 1405 isconfigured to house a power source, such that a base unit is notrestricted to remain proximal to a wall outlet or external power source.In some embodiments, a compartment 1405 is configured to house acomputer including an operating system, a database, a monitor, agraphical user interface, or any combination thereof. In someembodiments, a compartment 1405 is configured to house one or moresensors or a housing for a sensor. In some embodiments, a compartment1405 is configured to house a power source, a computer, one or moresensors, a housing for a sensor, wiring, or any combination thereof. Abase unit, in some embodiments, comprises a surface, such as a flatsurface. In some embodiments, the surface is configured to hold acomputer or other component of the system. A base unit, in someembodiments, comprises one or more rotating elements. In someembodiments, a rotating element comprises a wheel, a roller, a conveyorbelt, or any combination thereof configured to provide movement of abase unit. A base unit, in some embodiments, comprises an arm. One endof an arm is configured to associate with the array of sensors. In someembodiments, a second end of an arm is configured to associate with thebase unit, at for example a compartment 1405 or a surface. In someembodiments, an arm is adjustable. For example, an arm is extendible inlength, such as a first portion of an arm that extends from a secondportion of an arm. A base unit, in some embodiments, comprises wiring,such as one or more wires. Wiring is configured to associate with one ormore sensors of an array, one or more power sources of the base unit,one or more computers of the base unit, or any combination thereof. Abase unit, in some embodiments, comprises a shield, such as a disposableshield or a modular shield. In some embodiments, a shield is separatefrom a base unit. In some embodiments, a shield is associated with abase unit, such as attached to a base unit as a position that isproximal the array. In some embodiments, a shield is integral to thebase unit. In some embodiments, a shield, an array, an arm, or anycombination thereof is operatively connected (such as by wiring orwirelessly) to a controller or computer system.

FIG. 15A is an enlarged view of one example of the sensor array 1500 a.The sensor array, 1500 a in some embodiments, comprises one or moresensor plates. For example, a sensor array 1500 a, in some embodiments,comprises a bottom sensor plate 1501. In some embodiments, the bottomsensor plate 1501 is secured to other sensor components by one or moremounting bolts, such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12 mountingbolts. The sensor array 1500 a, in some embodiments, comprises a topsensor plate 1502. In some embodiments, the top sensor plate 1502 issecured to other sensor components by one or more mounting bolts, suchas 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, or 12 mounting bolts. The sensorarray 1500 a, in some embodiments, comprises one or more sensor platestandoffs 1503. For example, a sensor array 1500 a, in some embodiments,comprises 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12 sensor platestandoffs.

A sensor array 1500 a, in some embodiments, comprises one or moresensors 1506. In some embodiments, a sensor comprises a magnetometersensor. A sensor, in some embodiments, comprises an optically pumpedvector magnetometer or a zero field magnetometer. A sensor, in someembodiments, comprises a superconducting quantum interference device(SQUID), an inductive pickup coil, a vibrating sample magnetometer(VSM), a pulsed field extraction magnetometer, a torque magnetometer, aFaraday force magnetometer, an optical magnetometer, or any combinationthereof. A sensor, in some embodiments, comprises a small-scalemicroelectricalmechanical (MEMS)-based magnetic field sensor.

In some embodiments, a sensor does not comprise a housing. In someembodiments, one or more sensors 1506 of a sensor array 1500 a comprisesone or more sensor housings 1504 a or 1504 b. For example, a sensorarray 1500 a, in some embodiments, comprises 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23 or 24 sensorhousings. In some embodiments, the sensor array 1500 a comprises asensor housing for each sensor in the array. In some embodiments, thesensor array 1500 a comprises a sensor housing for at least every twosensors in the array. In some embodiments, a sensor housing isnon-adjustable. In some embodiments, a sensor housing is movable withina sensor array unit to accommodate more than one sensor arrayconfiguration. In some embodiments, a sensor housing is secured in alocation by one or more mounting bolts. In some embodiments, a sensorarray 1500 a is secured in a location by a sensor housing cap 1505.

In some embodiments, a sensor array 1500 a comprises a handle 1510. Insome embodiments, actuation of the handle 1510, such a rotational motioncauses motion (such as linear motion) of the sensor array 1500 a (i)away or towards an individual, (ii) away or towards an arm of the mobilecart device, or (iii) a combination thereof. The handle 1510 is operatedmanually. In some embodiments, actuation of the handle 1510 isautomated. In some embodiments, when the handle 1510 is actuated, ascrew 1509, such as a lead screw rotates. Rotation of the screw 1509, insome embodiments, permits one or more shafts on the sensor array tomove.

A sensor, in some embodiments, comprises an element 1512 for coupling oftwo or more shafts 1508 a or 1508 b (such as shaft 1508 a (such as alinear motion shaft) and shaft 1511 (such as a square motion transfershaft), for transmission of motion (such as linear motion of the sensorarray away or towards an individual). In some embodiments, the shaftalso comprises a stopping element, such as a dog clutch. In someembodiments, the element 1512 is operatively coupled to the handle 1510,the screw 1509, one or more shafts such as shaft 1508 a and shaft 1511,or any combination thereof.

A sensor array 1500 a, in some embodiments, comprises a bracket 1507,such as a support bracket. In some embodiments, the bracket provides aspatial orientation for one or more shafts and one or more screws of thesensor array relative to one another. In some embodiments, a bracket isoperatively coupled to a shaft 1508 a, a shaft 1511, a screw 1509, anelement 1512, or any combination thereof.

A sensor array 1500 a, in some embodiments, comprises a stopper 1513,such as an individual stopper. In some embodiments, the stopper 1513 isconfigured to be positioned at a surface of an individual. In someembodiments, the stopper 1513 is configured to be positioned at aspecified distance away from a surface of an individual. In someembodiments, the stopper 1513 is configured to prevent the sensor arrayfrom advancing beyond a specified position, such as beyond a surface ofan individual. In some embodiments, a stopper 1513 is positioned onsurface of the sensor array that when in operation is positioned closestto the subject.

One example of a mobile cart device 1500 b is shown in FIG. 15B. Thisexample is similar to the example shown in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7. A mobilecart device 1500 b, in some embodiments, comprises an arm 1514. The arm1514, in some embodiments, comprises a first end and a second end. Insome embodiments, a sensor array is coupled to the first end of the arm1514. In some embodiments, an opposite end of the arm 1514 is coupled toa frame having a first supporting beam 1517 a and a second support beam1517 b. In some embodiments, the opposite end of the arm 1514 is coupledto the frame at an upper bracket 1518 of the frame. In some embodiments,the mobile cart device 1500 b comprises a second arm. In someembodiments, the second arm comprises a top support arm 1515 and abottom support arm 1516. In some embodiments, at a location between afirst end and second end of the arm 1514, a first end of a second arm iscoupled to the arm 1514. In some embodiments, a second end of the secondarm is coupled to the frame, such as coupled to the frame at a bracket1519 (such as a locker bracket) of the frame. In some embodiments, themobile cart device 1500 b comprises one or more rotating elements, suchas a wheel 1522. In some embodiments, a rotating element is operativelycoupled to one or more axels 1521 (such as two rotating elementsoperatively coupled to a single axel), one or more bearings 1523, or acombination thereof, such that rotation of the two rotating elementsoccur in tandem. In some embodiments, the mobile cart device 1500 bcomprises two rotating elements. In some embodiments, the mobile cartdevice 1500 b comprises one rotating element. In some embodiments, arotating element is configured to move the mobile cart device 1500 bfrom one location to a different location. A mobile cart device 1500 b,in some embodiments, comprises an anchoring element 1524, such as arubber foot, to anchor a mobile cart device 1500 b at a desired locationor to prevent further movement of the rotating element. A mobile cartdevice 1500 b, in some embodiments, comprises one anchoring element. Amobile cart device 1500 b, in some embodiments, comprises more than oneanchoring element, such as two or three anchoring elements. One or morerotating elements, axels, anchoring elements, or any combination thereofis operatively coupled to the mobile cart device 1500 b by one or moremounts 1520.

In some embodiments, a mobile cart device 1500 b switches configurationfrom an extended configuration (FIG. 15B) to a closed configuration(FIG. 15C). In embodiments comprising an extended configuration, an arm1514 is collapsed adjacent a frame, such that the mobile cart device isstored or easily moved to a different location.

EXAMPLES

Non-limiting examples of embodiments and elements of embodiments of thedevices and systems described herein are as follows:

-   -   A magnetically shielded environment: comprises minimum        dimensions of about 7 foot width×about 7 foot depth×about 7 foot        height. A magnetically shielded environment, in some        embodiments, comprises a DC shielding factor of at least about        500 with minimum shielding factor of about 56 decibel (dB) from        a bandwidth of from about 0.1 Hz to about 500 Hz at all points        at least about 1 foot from each surface of a magnetically        shielded environment.    -   A cart with a computer: is stationed outside of the magnetically        shielded environment. Connected to the computer is a sensor's        electronic control module, which is part of a supplied device.        In some embodiments, each module provides power and control        instructions to one sensor in the array, which is located on a        device arm. Setup 1600 in an exemplary embodiment, appears as        shown in FIG. 16.    -   As shown in FIG. 16, an individual lies in a supine position on        a base unit (such as a bed) 1607. The sensor array 1606 is        positioned adjacent to a location on the subject, such as        adjacent to a chest position, by adjusting an arm 1605 of a        mobile cart device. A shield 1603 is positioned between (i) the        subject and sensor array 1606 and (ii) one or more additional        devices 1601 such as an electrical device, a power supply, a        computer, or any combination thereof. One or more subcomponents        1602 (such as wiring) that are needed to operatively connect the        one or more additional devices and the sensor array 1606 is        housed in a tubing or a covering. An opening 1604 in the shield        1603 is configured to accept the one or more subcomponents 1602        to pass there through.    -   As shown in FIG. 17, a shield 1700, in some embodiments,        comprises more than one layer, such as a first layer 1701 and a        second layer 1702. In some embodiments, the first layer 1701 and        second layer 1702 are adjacent to one another. In some        embodiments, the first layer 1701 and second layer 1702 are        separated by a spacing    -   A base unit: (such as a patient bed), in some embodiments, is        positioned within a magnetically shielded environment upon which        an individual is positioned (such as lying supine) prior to        device use. This bed is constructed of non-ferromagnetic        materials (such as entirely constructed of non-ferromagnetic        materials) and non-permanent magnets in order to minimize the        amount of interference the device may read.

Setup:

To setup a device for use, one or more of the following exemplary stepsare carried out:

-   -   Ensure that device frame and sensor housing are located inside a        magnetically shielded room. Keep a device in storage mode with a        device's arm collapsed.    -   Ensure that the control units are connected to a sensor housing        and a device frame through one or more portals of the        magnetically shielded room.    -   Power on the computer interface and launch the software        application (such as Maxwell).    -   Power on an Electronic Control Module.    -   Position an individual on a base unit 1704 (i.e. bed) with the        individual's head aligned with one side of the base unit 1704        and the individual's feet aligned towards a second side of the        base unit 1704, such as shown in FIG. 17. A magnetically        shielded room has enough clearance to position a        magnetocardiograph along at least one side of the base unit        1704.    -   An individual is positioned on a base unit 1704 that is        configured such that at least a portion of the base unit 1704 is        slidable into and out of a shield opening. The base unit 1704 is        configured to slide on a track 1705 or may slide on one or more        rollers or wheels. As least a portion of subcomponents 1703,        such as a wiring, is configured to operatively connect the        sensor array to one or more other devices, is configured to        enter at least a portion of the shield 1700. Subcomponents 1703        are associated with a hook or latch or track structure within        the shield 1700.    -   Extend an arm of the frame such that the arm makes about a 90        degree angle with a vertical portion of the frame with a handle        (such as a curved handle).    -   Move the device towards the subject by pulling the handle on the        frame. Position the device such that the sensor housing is above        an area of interest on the subject (such as the chest area).        Make small adjustments such that the square platform is put in        an optimal position.    -   Align the housing on the individual's left side with the        rightmost side of a sensor array platform on or proximally above        and parallel to the individual's center line.    -   Use a lift mechanism at the end of the frame's arm to adjust a        height of the sensor housing. The sensor housing is lowered to a        location where rests on or proximally above an area of interest        on the individual (e.g. chest). The handle is rotated in a first        direction in order to lower the sensor housing. The handle is        rotated in a second direction to raise the sensor housing.

Initiation:

After a frame is in position, one or more sensors are activated toprepare for recording a signal, such as cardiac magnetic activity. Tobegin initiation, a user logs in to a software application (such asMaxwell) and selects the data acquisition module. If there is troublewith any of the steps below, the application is closed and attempts toreopen. If a problem does not go away, the computer interface isrebooted. To initiate a device for use, one or more of the following isadhered to:

-   -   Ensure connection to all sensors (such as 8 sensors) exists by        checking sensor status in the data acquisition software user        interface.    -   Initiate the autostart procedure through the software        application by pressing “autostart” in the data acquisition        software user interfaces. This process calibrates one or more        sensors for use. Before continuing, ensure that the readiness        indicator found in the software UI has turned green and the        status reads “ready”.

Recording:

After initiation is complete, the device is ready to capture a signal,such as a cardiac magnetic field data. To begin, one or more of thefollowing is carried out:

-   -   Select the “acquire” button in the software application.        Selecting this option plots the magnetic field collected from        the sensors in a viewing window found on the acquisition        software UI.    -   Ensure a collected magnetic field is characteristic of a signal,        such as a cardiac electrical activity.    -   To save data to a file, select the “record” option. Select        preferences for period length of data acquisition, file name,        and file save location. Select “save” to begin saving to file.        Application, in some embodiments, automatically cease saving        after a selected amount of time that has elapsed. Files are        named in accordance with institutional policy to protect subject        identifying information.

Power-Down and Storage:

After device use is complete, the system is powered down by followingone or more of the following:

-   -   Close the application on the computer.    -   Power off the electronic control modules by turning the toggle        switch to the “off” position.    -   Power off the computer.

Within the magnetically shielded enclosure a handle of the device isrotated in a first direction to raise a sensor platform. A device isrepositioned by pulling a handle (such as a curved handle) so that thearm does not intersect with the subject or base unit (such as a bed).The extension arm is moved downward towards the ground to return thedevice to a storage mode. The subject is assisted in rising from thebase unit. The user, the subject, or a combination thereof has themagnetically shielded enclosure.

Example 2

Setup:

To setup a device for use, one or more of the following exemplary stepsare carried out:

-   -   Ensure that a device frame and a sensor housing are free of        defects or damage.    -   Power on a computer interface and launch a software application.    -   Power on the Electronic Control Modules.    -   Pull out a base unit (such as a bed) from the magnetic shielding        chamber until the bed is fully outside of the shielding chamber.    -   Ensure locking components of the sensor array and arm (such as        an extension arm) are unlocked. Move the sensor array away from        the base unit so that the sensor array or portion thereof is not        above the base unit.    -   Assist an individual onto a surface of the base unit. Position        the individual on the base unit with an individual's head        aligned towards to opening of the bore and an individual's feet        aligned towards the other, such as shown in FIG. 17.    -   Move the sensor array over an area of interest on the individual        (such as an individual's chest).    -   Make adjustments such that a sensor array platform is positioned        correctly. The housing is aligned on the subject's left side,        with the rightmost side of the sensor array platform above and        parallel to the subject's center line.    -   Lower the sensor array platform to adjust height of the sensor        housing. Housing is lowered to a point where it may rest on or        proximally above a position of interest on the subject (e.g.        chest).    -   Lock pivots or joints or extension points of the sensor array to        restrict motion of the array.    -   Slide the base unit into the recess opening of the shield until        an external light on the device is indicated (such as turned on,        or changed color such as turning green).

Initiation:

After the frame is in position, one or more sensors are activated toprepare for recording a signal, such as a cardiac magnetic activity. Tobegin initiation, a logs in to a software application and selects thedata acquisition module. If there is trouble with any of the stepsbelow, the application is closed and attempts to reopen. If the problemdoes not go away, the computer interface is rebooted. To initiate adevice for use, one or more of the following is carried out:

-   -   Ensure connection to one or more sensors (such as 8 sensors)        exists by checking sensor status in the data acquisition        software user interface.    -   Initiate the autostart procedure through the software        application by pressing “autostart” in the data acquisition        software user interface. This process calibrates one or more        sensors for use. Before continuing, ensure that the readiness        indicator found in the software UI has turned green and the        status reads “ready”.

Recording:

After initiation is complete, the device is ready to capture a signal,such as a cardiac magnetic field data. To begin, one or more of thefollowing is adhered to:

-   -   Select the “acquire” button in the software application.        Selecting this option plots the magnetic field collected from        the sensors in a viewing window found on the acquisition        software UI.    -   Ensure one or more collected magnetic field is characteristic of        a signal, such as a cardiac electrical activity.    -   To save the data to file, select the “record” option. Select        preferences for period length of data acquisition, file name,        and file save location. Select “save” to begin saving to file.        Application automatically ceases saving after the selected        amount of time has elapsed. Files are named in accordance with        institutional policy to protect subject identifying information.

Power-Down and Storage:

After device use is complete, the system is powered down by followingone or more of the following:

-   -   Close the application on the computer.    -   Power off the electronic control modules by turning the toggle        switch to the “off” position.    -   Power off the computer.

The base unit (such as a bed) is moved out of the magnetic shieldingchamber. One or more joints or pivots or extensions or combinationsthereof of the sensor array or arm is unlocked and is moved away fromthe base unit such that the path of motion is out of an individual'sway. The subject is assisted from leaving the base unit. One or more ofthe sensor arrays, sensor housing, an internal surface of a shield, asurface of a base unit, or any combination thereof is cleaned orsanitized between use of a first subject and a second subject.

Example 3

Setup:

To setup device for use, one or more of the following exemplary steps iscarried out:

-   -   Power on a computer interface and launch a software application.    -   Power on an Electronic Control Modules    -   Position an individual on a base unit (such as a standard        hospital bed) with an individual's head aligned with one side of        the base unit and individual's feet aligned towards a second        side of the base unit, such as shown in FIG. 17. The room of        operation having sufficient clearance to position a sensor array        (such as a magnetocardiograph) along at least one side of the        base unit.    -   Extend a device's arm and increase a height of the device by        either pulling up on the arm or using the “raise/lower” button        on a sensor array so that the sensor array is positioned above        an individual.    -   Move the device towards the individual by pushing the mobile        cart. Position the device such that the sensor housing is above        the subject (such as above the subject's chest).    -   Use a lift mechanism at an end of a frame's arm to adjust a        height of the sensor housing. A sensor housing is lowered to the        position where it rests on or proximally above the position        (such as an individual's chest) at the point of normal subject        inhalation.    -   Make adjustments such that the sensor array platform is        positioned correctly. The housing is aligned on the subject's        left side, with the rightmost side of the sensor array platform        above and parallel to the subject's center line.

Initiation:

After the frame is in a position, one or more sensors are activated toprepare for recording a signal, such as a cardiac magnetic activity. Tobegin initiation, a user logs in to a software application and selectsthe data acquisition module. If there is trouble with any of the stepsbelow, the application is closed and is attempted to reopen. If theproblem does not go away, the computer interface is rebooted. Toinitiate a device for use, one or more of the following is carried out:

-   -   Ensure connection to one or more sensors (such as 8 sensors)        exists by checking sensor status in the data acquisition        software user interface.    -   Initiate the autostart procedure through the software        application by pressing “autostart” in the data acquisition        software user interfaces. This process calibrates one or more        sensors for use. Before continuing, ensure that the readiness        indicator found in the software UI has turned green and the        status reads “ready”.

Recording:

After initiation is complete, the device is ready to capture a signal,such as a cardiac magnetic field data. To begin, one or more of thefollowing is carried out:

-   -   Select the “acquire” button in the software application.        Selecting this option plots the magnetic field collected from        the sensors in a viewing window found on the acquisition        software UI    -   Ensure one or more collected magnetic fields are characteristic        of a signal, such as a cardiac electrical activity.    -   To save the data to file, select the “record” option. Select        preferences for period length of data acquisition, file name,        and file save location. Select “save” to begin saving to file.        Application automatically ceases saving after the selected        amount of time has elapsed. Files are named in accordance with        institutional policy to protect subject identifying information.

Power-Down and Storage:

After device use is complete, the system is powered down by followingone or more of the following:

-   -   Close the application on the computer.    -   Power off the electronic control modules by turning the toggle        switch to the “off” position.    -   Power off the computer.

The device's arm is raised by pushing up on the arm or using a“raise/lower” button on the sensor array so that the sensor array isabove the subject's chest level. The subject is assisted in rising fromthe base unit.

While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been shown anddescribed herein, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art thatsuch embodiments are provided by way of example only. Numerousvariations, changes, and substitutions will now occur to those skilledin the art without departing from the invention. It should be understoodthat various alternatives to the embodiments of the invention describedherein is employed in practicing the invention. It is intended that thefollowing claims define the scope of the invention and that methods andstructures within the scope of these claims and their equivalents becovered thereby.

1. A device for sensing a magnetic field associated with an individual, comprising: a. a movable base unit; b. an arm having a proximal end and a distal end, the proximal end being coupled to the moveable base unit by a first joint, the first joint configured so that the arm moves relative to the movable base unit with at least one degree of freedom; c. an array of one or more optically pumped magnetometers coupled to the distal end of the arm, the array of one or more optically pumped magnetometers configured to sense the magnetic field associated with the individual; and d. a non-transitory computer readable medium encoded with a computer program including instructions executable by a processor configured to cause the processor to: i. receive the magnetic field; and ii. determine a condition associated with the magnetic field.
 2. The device of claim 1, comprising a shield configured to shield the device from one or more environmental magnetic fields.
 3. The device of claim 2, wherein the shield is configured to at least partially enclose a portion of a body of the individual which is associated with the magnetic field.
 4. The device of claim 3, wherein the portion of the body of the individual which is associated with the magnetic field is at least a portion of a chest of the individual.
 5. The device of claim 2, wherein the shield comprises two or more layers.
 6. The device of claim 5, wherein each of the two or more layers has a thickness of from 0.1 to 10 millimeters.
 7. The device of claim 2, wherein the shield comprises permalloy or mumetal.
 8. The device of claim 1, wherein the arm comprises a proximal segment and a distal segment, and wherein a second joint is positioned between the proximal segment and the distal segment and is configured so that the distal segment articulates relative to the proximal segment.
 9. The device of claim 1, wherein the array of one or more optically pumped magnetometers is movably coupled to the distal end of the arm so that the array of the one or more optically pumped magnetometers moves relative to the arm with at least one degree of freedom.
 10. The device of claim 1, wherein the array of one or more optically pumped magnetometers comprises at least three optically pumped magnetometers.
 11. The device of claim 10, wherein the array of one or more optically pumped magnetometers is arranged to match a generalized contour of a portion of a body of the individual.
 12. The device of claim 1, wherein the computer program is configured to cause the processor to filter the magnetic field.
 13. The device of claim 12, comprising a gradiometer, and wherein the computer program causes the processor to filter the magnetic field by cancelling out a magnetic field sensed by the gradiometer.
 14. The device of claim 12, wherein the computer program causes the processor to filter the magnetic field by subtracting a frequency based measurement from the magnetic field.
 15. The device of claim 1, wherein the computer program causes the processor to generate a visual representation of the magnetic field comprising a waveform.
 16. The device of claim 1, wherein the condition comprises a diagnosis of the individual.
 17. The device of claim 1, wherein the condition comprises a prognosis of the individual.
 18. The device of claim 1, wherein the condition relates to a cardiovascular system of the individual.
 19. The device of claim 1, wherein the condition relates to a nervous system of the individual.
 20. The device of claim 1, wherein the condition relates to two or more organs of the individual. 21.-42. (canceled) 